如何在非 root 用户权限下安装软件并设置环境变量？

文章目录

情况

使用root用户linux使用root用户linux压缩命令，由于权限足够大，所以做哪些事都好弄

非root用户，权限低时linux系统怎么样，连yuminstall都无法使用，那如何安装软件呢

安装rpm包

1、以安装wget工具为例

首先在windows浏览器上下载一个wget的rpm包

http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

登录后复制

之后模拟离线安装

2、使用非root用户登入linux系统

# 尝试安装yumdownloader，不行的，需要root权限
[nim01@svngit root]$ yum install yumdownloader
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to be root to perform this command.
# 尝试执行wget命令，不行，没有安装
[nim01@svngit root]$ wget
bash: wget: command not found
# 尝试安装wget，不行的，需要root权限
[nim01@svngit root]$ yum install wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to be root to perform this command.

登录后复制

将我们下载的wget.***.rpm包，上传到linux系统中

Last login: Wed Dec2 09:44:05 2020
[nim01@svngit ~]$ pwd
/home/nim01
# root已经安装lrzsz了，直接上传
[nim01@svngit ~]$ rz
[nim01@svngit ~]$ ll
total 548
-rw-r--r--. 1 nim01 nim01 560272 Dec22020 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

登录后复制

3、安装rpm包

提取文件

# 执行下面指令，从安装包中提取文件
[nim01@svngit ~]$ rpm2cpio wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm | cpio -idvm
./etc/wgetrc
./usr/bin/wget
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/AUTHORS
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/COPYING
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/MAILING-LIST
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/NEWS
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/README
./usr/share/doc/wget-1.14/sample.wgetrc
./usr/share/info/wget.info.gz
./usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/en_GB/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/et/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ga/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/he/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/id/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/lt/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ro/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/wget.mo
./usr/share/man/man1/wget.1.gz
4030 blocks

登录后复制

查看

# 提取完之后，当前目录多了etc和usr两个目录
[nim01@svngit ~]$ ll
total 548
drwxrwxr-x. 2 nim01 nim01 20 Dec2 10:13 etc
drwxrwxr-x. 4 nim01 nim01 30 Dec2 10:13 usr
-rw-r--r--. 1 nim01 nim01 560272 Dec22020 wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

登录后复制

查看

# 进入usr/bin目录，可以看到可执行的wget文件
[nim01@svngit ~]$ cd usr/
[nim01@svngit usr]$ ll
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 2 nim01 nim01 18 Dec2 10:13 bin
drwxrwxr-x. 6 nim01 nim01 54 Dec2 10:13 share
[nim01@svngit usr]$ cd bin/
[nim01@svngit bin]$ ll
total 412
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 nim01 nim01 418776 May 162019 wget

登录后复制

4、设置环境变量

在家目录中，直接编辑.bashrc文件，降低可执行程序的路径到系统PATH中

这样linux使用root用户，可以直接执行wget指令了

# .bashrc
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=
# User specific aliases and functions
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/usr/bin

登录后复制

保存退出后

# 执行source，让修改生效
[nim01@svngit ~]$ source .bashrc
# 执行wget，可正常使用
[nim01@svngit ~]$ wget
wget: missing URL
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...
Try `wget --help' for more options.

登录后复制

以上就是如何在非 root 用户权限下安装软件并设置环境变量？的详细内容，更多请关注慧达安全导航其它相关文章！